The dog (scientific name: L Luuullrrrr) is a mammal from the family of carnivorous dogs. This animal was domesticated and domesticated 14,000 to 150,000 years ago.
This animal is usually described as loyal, and is nicknamed "man's best friend" for its high ability to remember its owner even after a long break from it.
There are many breeds of different temperament and missions, including: hunting dog, field dog, shepherds dog, guard dog, police dog, greyhound dog, blind escort dog and sled dog, which is used to drag wagons on ice to this day.
History of the canine family
The dog species (Latin: Canida) that contains wolves, foxes and jackals.
The dog is one of the first mammals to be tamed by humans from wolves that appeared 60 million years ago. Lived with him this bitch for 14 thousand years is very great.
It is a breed of wolves that roamed Europe, Asia and North America. Wolves have been roaming the villages of the northern hemisphere in search of food for 12 thousand years. Currently, there are many strains of it.
Dog bone structures have been found in Denmark, England, Japan, Germany and China dating back to prehistoric times.
The Jackal was known by the ancient Egyptians. And they were making figurines whose body was the body of a dog whose head was the head of a jackal.
A statue of Anubis was found in Tutankhamun's tomb dating from 1330 BC. A breed of greyhounds has also been found in the tombs of the ancient Egyptians.
It has been mummified since 2100 BC next to the Pharaohs inside the pyramids. The Romans and Greeks were able to produce strains of them.
Dalmachine (Latin :ll) has been trained in hunting and hauling wagons since 1800 BC.M and guarded the horse that was dragging the wagons from the other dogs that were scaring her.
Types of dogs
There are many types of dogs and they are arranged according to their strength:
- Working dogs: these are dog species that humans can train to carry out professional tasks such as towing vehicles, detecting explosives or missing persons. Among the most important breeds used for work purposes are the belgian shepherd dogs (Belgian shepherd dog) or the golden retrievers.
- Ornamental dogs or domestic dogs include most dog breeds
- Hunting dogs are used in hunting where they chase prey until they become close to humans such as the boiner and the Greyhound.
- Guard dogs such as German shepherd dogs are used to guard farms and homes.
Behavior
Humans use dogs to guard, hunt, and tow wagons. They were used in war to guard and carry messages.
There are trained dogs that lead the blind and deaf on the streets and domestic work such as alerting the deaf to the phone or doorbell or leading the blind to wander inside the house or cross the street.
Some dogs have a strong sense of smell. That is why he was trained in other tasks such as detecting drugs, crackers, dynamite, Persian ants and deep water.
The missing can be searched for in earthquakes and fires and some dogs can eavesdrop on sounds that a human cannot hear with his ears,
even a dog can hear a clock ticking 40 feet away. Domestic dogs differ in shape, appearance, size and color.
Despite these differences in all dog species, they are all anatomically identical.
There are 321 bones in the skeleton. Breeds differ in the numbers of tail bones.
But her rib cage consists of 13 pairs of ribs and her spine consists of 7 vertebrae in the neck, 13 vertebrae in the chest, 7 vertebrae in the lumbar and 3 vertebrae in the sacrum.
The hind legs have 4claws and four fingers. Claws are located on four or five fingers. The puppy has 28 temporary teeth, but after 6 months they are replaced and 42 become permanent.
All dog species live on all continents of the world beyond Antarctica and in the forests and forests of temperate and rainy regions, deserts, mountains and tundra.
Gray wolves are considered the ancestors of domestic dogs.
They are carnivores of large animals such as buffaloes, ferrets and deer,
and small animals such as rabbits and mice.
Dogs with a sharp hearing and sense of smell can roam to guard large areas of wolves or forage for food.
Males mate with females in January, after which they give birth to 5 to 6 puppies that the mother suckles from her nipples.
She shares her food after weaning. Puppies are born blind and unable to stand.
She spends 90% of her time sleeping. The rest of the time you breastfeed.
And the puppies can not resist the high cold,
because of the lack of perfusion of their blood circulation, that's why the puppies stick to their mother for heating.
The mother cleans and cares for the puppies like other female mammals, while the father does not play any role in that task.
Dogs have a language that speaks, including body language, facial expressions, raising the tail, standing and spreading the ears.
Standing hair above the back indicates fear, discomfort, aggression or subservience.
These signals are important.Also, in the case of sharpness and extreme hostility,
the dog grunts about its fangs, loosens its ears, straightens its tail, stiffens its legs, straightens its back hair, whines or barks.
Dogs define the boundaries of their areas with their urine.
Its smell is a language that speaks to warn the rest of the animals, especially among other dogs.
He defends these boundaries by barking, snarling or expressing in his own language in general.
Pet dogs tend to train to express their loyalty to their owner and to impress him.
The dog lives from 8 to 12 years depending on the environment in which it lives and its care.
Before acquiring a dog, it must be carefully examined by the veterinarian to treat the disease.
Or vaccinate him against dog disease (rabies).
The dog needs good food, hygiene, shelter, outdoor exercise, water and training for 16-30 minutes daily and continuously.
Reproduction in dogs
Dogs, like other mammals, reproduce through sexual contact, which results from insemination of the female's egg with sperm from the male.
The female is about the eighth month of life with the onset of menstruation for the first time, which is accompanied by changes in behavior and in the body to prepare the body for sexual intercourse, while the male is about a month before that.
It can last up to two years in large dogs. The duration of pregnancy in dogs ranges from 56 to 72 days, with an average of 62 days.
The difference in duration is due to several factors such as climate, nutrition and type.